As the availability of COVID-19 tests dwindle across Canada, another option to detect the virus in the form of a furry friend may be the next best thing.
Multiple studies show that dogs can be more effective, faster and potentially less expensive than the current tests on the market.
The research has grown since 2020, with University of California Santa Barbara professor Tommy Dickey finding the collective research shows trained scent dogs are “as effective and often more effective” than both the rapid antigen tests many people keep in their homes, and even the PCR tests deployed at clinics and hospitals.
But even with studies showing their effectiveness, COVID-19-detecting dogs are deployed only in certain jurisdictions in various countries.
One such place is the Canines for Care program at Vancouver Coastal Health (VCH), which started looking into the possibility of training dogs to detect COVID-19 in early 2021.
Dr. Marthe Charles, division head of medical microbiology and infection prevention and control at VCH, said the idea stemmed from the early reliance on laboratory testing.
“I think there was a will from public health at the time and also from the various levels of government to try to find a way that was fast, accurate and non-invasive to be able to detect and train as many people as possible,” Charles told Global News in an interview.
Three dogs — two Labrador retrievers and an English springer spaniel — were brought in for training. The dogs were exposed to items such as masks that were worn by patients either negative or positive for the virus. This trained the dogs to recognize what is and is not COVID-19.
Charles said the dogs were trained since being puppies to associate the scent of COVID-19 with food and were rewarded each time they correctly detected a positive case of the virus.
“So from early on in their lives, they’ve associated the scent of a case of COVID to a rewarding scent,” she explained.
This reward method is not just used by VCM. It was also used with a group of dogs sourced in early 2021 for a French study, trained at detection using toys — usually tennis balls — as rewards.
Dr. Carla Simon, owner of Hunter’s Heart Scent Detection Canines in Calgary, said this method of training dogs is common. By using rewards, it can help motivate them to find the scent.
“We would pair, let’s say, the sweat samples with COVID, with their reward, and they notice that every time they find their reward, there’s that special smell,” she explained. “We just have to make it rewarding for the dog.”
She added, however, that the dog chooses the reward so trainers can ensure the canines “show up every day and want to do their job.”
Earlier this month, Dickey along with Heather Junqueira of BioScent, Inc. gathered several peer-reviewed studies into a review that was published in the Journal of Osteopathic Medicine. Dickey said the number of peer-reviewed studies over the past few years went from four to 29, incorporating the work of more than 400 scientists from more than 30 countries and 31,000 samples.
The review noted the effectiveness of dogs’ ability to detect COVID-19 comes down to their noses.
“The nose is not like humans,” Simon said. “It’s massively different, orders of magnitude different, and they can detect things without us being able to smell them.”
Humans have about five to six million olfactory receptors in their noses, while dogs have hundreds of millions. One-third of their brain is devoted to the interpretation of smell — something only five per cent of a human’s brain is committed to, according to Dickey’s review.
The study found dogs’ noses may even be able to detect pre-symptomatic COVID-19 cases, or even those who will develop symptoms later.
Dickey told us in an interview that this could help limit or stop the virus from spreading.
“The longer the wait is between your test and your result, that’s a latent period,” he said. “During that time you’re running around spreading COVID and you don’t know it. The dogs with a direct sniff will be done in seconds.”
Many of the studies conducted, including the work at VCH through the Canine for Care program, have shown dogs’ ability to detect the disease correctly with a success rate of more than 90 per cent. Additionally, the studies also showed a high speed at which the dogs could identify cases. In one study in Thailand, researchers reported the dogs had gone through thousands of samples in just a few weeks.
“The dogs take only one to two seconds to detect the virus per sample. Once they detect a patient, they will sit down,” said Chulalongkorn University professor Kaywalee Chatdarong, who led the 2021 project. “This takes only one to two seconds. Within one minute, they can manage to go through 60 samples.”
Even though the research suggested deploying scent-detection dogs could also be less expensive than rapid or PCR tests, Charles cautioned the logistics that go into training the dog is where it becomes “more prohibitive.”
In VCH’s case, training of the dogs included the medical microbiology lab to provide samples for use, working with infection prevention teams and control nurses, and if a dog identifies an area of concern, cleaning services may need to be utilized. And when it comes to rolling out testing using the dogs, enough staffing is needed for mass screening.
Despite this, while Charles says deploying the dogs widely could be difficult due to staffing and training, they are still one of several tools that can be used in COVID-19 detection.
“I think the way to see those dogs from my perspective is really like another tool in the toolbox and trying to prevent further transmission of pathogen of concern,” she said.
Dickey and Junqueira say dogs should have a place in “serious diagnostic methodology” including in helping should the world face a future pandemic.
Unbreakable Bond! Heroic Dog Saves Injured Hiker, Keeping Watch for 13 Hours in Frigid Cold, Against All Odds
“An Incredible Tale of Survival: Man’s Best Friend Comes to the Rescue
In the breathtaking peaks of Croatia’s Velebit mountain range, Grga Brkić faced a life-threatening situation. While hiking on one of the highest peaks, he tragically fell 500 feet, fracturing his leg, rendering him immobile, and staring death in the face.
There’s a profound love that dogs have for us, a love that knows no bounds. One man who experienced this love firsthand is Grga Brkić. As he lay stranded in the freezing cold, with hypothermia creeping in, hope arrived in the form of his loyal companion, North—an eight-month-old Alaskan Malamute.
North, instinctively understanding the dire circumstances, climbed atop his injured owner, providing warmth and comfort until help could reach them. This harrowing incident unfolded approximately 5,800 feet above Croatia’s Adriatic coastline, as reported by PEOPLE.
Brkić’s fall left him with a fractured lower leg and the inability to move. Two fellow hikers discovered him and his faithful dog at the base of the slope, realizing the impossibility of lifting him out on their own. They immediately called for rescuers.
In an incredible display of loyalty, North nestled beside Brkić, sharing his body heat to keep him warm. Alaskan Malamutes are known for their remarkable cold tolerance, capable of withstanding temperatures as low as -20°F, thanks to their thick, waterproof double coats designed for the harsh Arctic conditions.
For 13 grueling hours, Brkić clung to hope, knowing that North was his lifeline. Finally, a team of 27 first responders from the Croatian emergency mountaineers, Hrvatska Gorska Služba Spašavanja, arrived on the scene, and their astonishment was palpable. North had steadfastly curled around Brkić, providing vital warmth throughout the ordeal.
The rescue mission faced daunting challenges—snow, ice, and fallen trees—making it one of the most demanding operations ever undertaken by these seasoned professionals. Remarkably, North never left Brkić’s side.
Ultimately, they were airlifted to a nearby hospital, where Brkić underwent a lifesaving emergency operation, making a full recovery. Thankfully, North emerged from the incident unscathed.
Josip Brozičević, the head of the Croatian mountain rescue services, praised North’s heroic actions, stating, “The dog was curled up next to the owner in the pit the entire time; he warmed his owner with his body, thus preventing the mountaineer’s significant hypothermia who suffered a severe fracture of the lower leg and ankle when he fell.”
In a heartfelt interview with Croatian media, Brkić expressed his gratitude, acknowledging that he wouldn’t be alive today if it weren’t for North. The moments before rescue arrived felt agonizingly slow, but North’s presence was a true miracle.
Following the incident, the Croatian emergency mountaineers posted about the incredible rescue, and Brkić’s family shared an update, confirming that both he and North were doing remarkably well.
This extraordinary tale is a testament to the indomitable spirit of friendship between humans and their loyal canine companions. Share this story to celebrate the extraordinary bond between Grga Brkić and North and to honor the incredible bravery of our furry friends.
In the breathtaking peaks of Croatia’s Velebit mountain range, Grga Brkić faced a life-threatening situation. While hiking on one of the highest peaks, he tragically fell 500 feet, fracturing his leg, rendering him immobile, and staring death in the face.
There’s a profound love that dogs have for us, a love that knows no bounds. One man who experienced this love firsthand is Grga Brkić. As he lay stranded in the freezing cold, with hypothermia creeping in, hope arrived in the form of his loyal companion, North—an eight-month-old Alaskan Malamute.
North, instinctively understanding the dire circumstances, climbed atop his injured owner, providing warmth and comfort until help could reach them. This harrowing incident unfolded approximately 5,800 feet above Croatia’s Adriatic coastline, as reported by PEOPLE.
Brkić’s fall left him with a fractured lower leg and the inability to move. Two fellow hikers discovered him and his faithful dog at the base of the slope, realizing the impossibility of lifting him out on their own. They immediately called for rescuers.
In an incredible display of loyalty, North nestled beside Brkić, sharing his body heat to keep him warm. Alaskan Malamutes are known for their remarkable cold tolerance, capable of withstanding temperatures as low as -20°F, thanks to their thick, waterproof double coats designed for the harsh Arctic conditions.
For 13 grueling hours, Brkić clung to hope, knowing that North was his lifeline. Finally, a team of 27 first responders from the Croatian emergency mountaineers, Hrvatska Gorska Služba Spašavanja, arrived on the scene, and their astonishment was palpable. North had steadfastly curled around Brkić, providing vital warmth throughout the ordeal.
The rescue mission faced daunting challenges—snow, ice, and fallen trees—making it one of the most demanding operations ever undertaken by these seasoned professionals. Remarkably, North never left Brkić’s side.
Ultimately, they were airlifted to a nearby hospital, where Brkić underwent a lifesaving emergency operation, making a full recovery. Thankfully, North emerged from the incident unscathed.
Josip Brozičević, the head of the Croatian mountain rescue services, praised North’s heroic actions, stating, “The dog was curled up next to the owner in the pit the entire time; he warmed his owner with his body, thus preventing the mountaineer’s significant hypothermia who suffered a severe fracture of the lower leg and ankle when he fell.”
In a heartfelt interview with Croatian media, Brkić expressed his gratitude, acknowledging that he wouldn’t be alive today if it weren’t for North. The moments before rescue arrived felt agonizingly slow, but North’s presence was a true miracle.
Following the incident, the Croatian emergency mountaineers posted about the incredible rescue, and Brkić’s family shared an update, confirming that both he and North were doing remarkably well.
This extraordinary tale is a testament to the indomitable spirit of friendship between humans and their loyal canine companions. Share this story to celebrate the extraordinary bond between Grga Brkić and North and to honor the incredible bravery of our furry friends.
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