Anne Heche has died of a brain injury and severe burns after speeding and crashing her car into a home in the residential Mar Vista neighborhood last Friday, Aug 5. The building erupted in flames and Heche was dragged out of the vehicle and rushed to the Grossman Burn Center at West Hills Hospital in Los Angeles.
The 53-year-old, Emmy Award-winning actress is best known for her roles in 1990s films like Volcano, the Gus Van Sant remake of Psycho, Donnie Brasco and Six Days, Seven Nights.
Holly Baird, a spokesperson for Heche’s family, sent NPR a statement Friday afternoon saying: “While Anne is legally dead according to California law, her heart is still beating, and she has not been taken off life support.”
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Baird added an organ procurement company is working to see if the actress is a match for organ donation, and that determination could be made as early as Saturday or as late as next Tuesday.
Heche launched her career playing a pair of good and evil twins on the long-running daytime soap opera Another World, for which she earned a Daytime Emmy Award in 1991.
In the 2000s, Heche focused on making independent movies and TV series. She acted with Nicole Kidman and Cameron Bright in the drama Birth; with Jessica Lange and Christina Ricci in the film adaptation of Prozac Nation, Elizabeth Wurtzel’s bestselling book about depression; and in the comedy Cedar Rapids alongside John C. Reilly and Ed Helms. She also starred in the ABC drama series Men in Trees.
Heche made guest appearances on TV shows like Nip/Tuck and Ally McBeal and starred in a couple of Broadway productions, garnering a Tony Award nomination for her performance in the remount of the 1932 comedy Twentieth Century.
In 2020, Heche launched a weekly lifestyle podcast, Better Together, with friend and co-host Heather Duffy and appeared on Dancing with the Stars.
Heche became a lesbian icon as a result of her highly-visible relationship with comedian and TV host Ellen DeGeneres in the late 1990s.
Heche and DeGeneres were arguably the most famous openly gay couple in Hollywood at a time when being out was far less acceptable than it is today. Heche later claimed the romance took a toll on her career. “I was in a relationship with Ellen DeGeneres for three-and-a-half years and the stigma attached to that relationship was so bad that I was fired from my multimillion-dollar picture deal and I did not work in a studio picture for 10 years,” Heche said in an episode of Dancing with the Stars.
But the relationship paved the way for broader acceptance of single-sex partnerships.
“With so few role models and representations of lesbians in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Anne Heche’s relationship with Ellen DeGeneres contributed to her celebrity in a significant way and their relationship ultimately validated lesbian love for both straight and queer people,” said the Los Angeles-based New York Times columnist Trish Bendix.
Bendix said that while Heche was later in relationships with men — she married Coleman Laffoon in the early 2000s and they had a son together, and was more recently in a relationship with Canadian actor James Tupper with whom she also had a son — “her influence on lesbian and bisexual visibility can’t and shouldn’t be erased.”
In 2000, Fresh Air host Terry Gross interviewed Heche in advance of her directorial debut on the final episode of If These Walls Could Talk 2, a series of three HBO television films exploring the lives of lesbian couples starring DeGeneres and Sharon Stone. In the interview, Heche said she wished she had been more sensitive about other people’s coming out experiences when she and DeGeneres went public with their relationship.
“What I wish I would have known is more of the journey and the struggle of individuals in the gay community or couples in the gay community,” Heche said. “Because I would have couched my enthusiasm with an understanding that this isn’t everybody’s story.”
Heche was born in Aurora, Ohio in 1969, the youngest of five siblings. She was raised in a Christian fundamentalist household.
She had a challenging childhood. The family moved around a lot. She said she believed her father, Donald, was a closeted gay man; he died in 1983 of HIV.
“He just couldn’t seem to settle down into a normal job, which, of course, we found out later, and as I understand it now, was because he had another life,” Heche told Gross on Fresh Air. “He wanted to be with men.”
A few months after her father died, Heche’s brother Nathan was killed in a car crash at the age of 18.
In her 2001 Memoir Call Me Crazy, and in subsequent interviews, Heche said her father abused her sexually as a child, triggering mental health issues which the actress said she carried with her for decades as an adult.
In an interview with the actress for Larry King Live, host Larry King called Heche’s book, “one of the most honest, outspoken, extraordinary autobiographies ever written by anyone in show business.”
“I am left with a deep, wordless sadness,” wrote Heche’s son with Lafoon, Homer, in a statement shared with NPR via Baird. “Hopefully my mom is free from pain and beginning to explore what I like to imagine as her eternal freedom.”
Effects of smartphone restriction on cue-related neural activity
Smartphones have become an inseparable part of modern life, revolutionizing communication, work, and entertainment. However, excessive smartphone use (ESU) has been linked to various negative consequences, including addiction-like behaviors, impaired mental health, and diminished attention spans. Recent studies suggest that smartphone-related cues can trigger neural responses similar to those seen in substance addiction, reinforcing compulsive usage patterns. Understanding the effects of smartphone restriction on cue-related neural activity can provide valuable insights into developing interventions for individuals struggling with ESU.
The Role of Cue Reactivity in Smartphone Use
Cue reactivity (CR) refers to the brain’s response to stimuli associated with a habitual or addictive behavior. In the case of smartphone use, cues may include notification sounds, phone screens lighting up, or simply seeing a smartphone in one’s environment. These cues can activate reward-related brain regions, reinforcing the compulsive urge to check the device.
Research has shown that individuals with excessive smartphone use exhibit heightened neural responses to smartphone-related cues, similar to those observed in substance addiction. This heightened sensitivity may contribute to difficulty in controlling smartphone usage, leading to a cycle of compulsive checking and craving.
Investigating Neural Activity Changes Through Smartphone Restriction
To better understand how short-term smartphone restriction influences brain activity, researchers conducted a study using functional MRI (fMRI) to measure changes in cue-related neural responses over 72 hours of smartphone abstinence. The study involved 25 young adults who were regular smartphone users.
Video : What Happens To Your Brain When You Mindlessly Scroll?
Study Design and Methods
- Participants were instructed to refrain from using their smartphones for 72 hours.
- A cue-reactivity task was designed, where participants were exposed to images of smartphones (both active and inactive) as well as neutral objects.
- Functional MRI scans were conducted before and after the restriction period to analyze changes in brain activity.
- Psychometric assessments were used to measure craving, self-control, and emotional responses associated with smartphone use.
Key Findings: How the Brain Adapts to Smartphone Restriction
1. Reduced Activation in the Reward System
One of the most striking findings was a significant reduction in activity in the nucleus accumbens and anterior cingulate cortex after 72 hours of smartphone restriction. These brain regions are heavily involved in reward processing and habit formation.
- The nucleus accumbens is associated with motivation and reinforcement learning. High activation in this area suggests strong craving and compulsive behavior.
- The anterior cingulate cortex plays a role in decision-making and impulse control. Reduced activity here indicates that participants may have experienced less compulsion to check their smartphones.
These findings suggest that even a short break from smartphone use can lead to neuroplasticity, allowing the brain to become less reactive to smartphone-related cues.
2. Alterations in Dopamine and Serotonin-Linked Activity
Further analysis using neurotransmitter probability maps revealed that activity changes in the reward system were closely linked to dopamine and serotonin receptor probabilities.
- Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter in reward-seeking behavior and addiction.
- Serotonin is involved in mood regulation and impulse control.
The findings suggest that smartphone restriction may influence neurochemical processes that drive compulsive behaviors. This could explain why some people feel withdrawal-like symptoms, including restlessness and anxiety, when they suddenly stop using their phones.
3. Increased Engagement of the Parietal Cortex
Another notable result was the increased activity in the parietal cortex, a region associated with attentional control and sensory processing.
- This suggests that participants became more aware of their environment and less preoccupied with smartphone-related distractions.
- Heightened parietal cortex activity was correlated with reduced craving scores, indicating improved cognitive control over impulsive smartphone use.
This supports the idea that limiting smartphone use can enhance focus and attentional regulation, reducing dependency on digital devices.
4. Reduced Compulsive Checking Behavior
Behavioral assessments showed that participants experienced a significant decrease in the urge to check their smartphones over time. This aligns with the observed neural changes in reward sensitivity and impulse control.
Participants also reported improvements in:
- Sleep quality: Reduced exposure to blue light and nighttime scrolling led to better sleep patterns.
- Social interactions: Without constant phone distractions, participants engaged more with people around them.
- Mental well-being: Several individuals noted feeling less anxious and more present in their daily activities.
Implications for Smartphone Addiction and Digital Detox Strategies
The findings of this study have significant implications for individuals struggling with excessive smartphone use. While a complete break from smartphones may not be feasible for everyone, implementing digital detox strategies can help manage usage and mitigate negative effects.
1. Scheduled Smartphone Breaks
- Taking regular breaks from smartphone use, even for a few hours a day, can help reset neural responses to digital cues.
- Setting specific times for checking messages rather than responding to every notification can reduce compulsive checking.
2. Mindful Technology Use
- Practicing conscious smartphone use by turning off unnecessary notifications and using grayscale mode can help decrease reliance on digital stimuli.
- Engaging in non-digital hobbies, such as reading, exercise, or meditation, can strengthen attention control and reduce smartphone dependency.
3. Sleep Hygiene and Nighttime Restrictions
- Avoiding smartphone use one hour before bed can improve sleep quality by preventing blue light exposure.
- Using do not disturb or airplane mode at night can minimize the temptation to check notifications.
4. Awareness Campaigns and Education
- Schools, workplaces, and mental health professionals can promote awareness of the impact of excessive smartphone use on brain function.
- Implementing digital wellness programs can encourage balanced technology use.
Video : Cell Phones Affect Brain Activity
Conclusion: How Smartphone Restriction Reshapes the Brain
The study provides compelling evidence that even a short period of smartphone restriction can lead to measurable changes in brain activity. The observed reductions in reward-related neural responses, coupled with increased attentional control, suggest that limiting smartphone use can promote cognitive flexibility, impulse control, and overall mental well-being.
As smartphone addiction continues to be a growing concern, understanding the neurological basis of cue-reactivity and digital dependency is crucial. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating healthy technology habits to ensure that smartphones remain tools for convenience rather than sources of compulsive behavior.
By making small adjustments in smartphone usage, individuals can foster better focus, improved mental clarity, and greater overall life satisfaction. So, why not start with a 72-hour break and see how your brain adapts?
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